Federal law protects you from discrimination when renting, buying, or financing a home. Understanding your Fair Housing rights helps you recognize violations and take action.
The Fair Housing Act
The Fair Housing Act is a federal law that prohibits discrimination in housing-related activities based on certain protected characteristics. It applies to renting, buying, getting a mortgage, and other housing-related transactions.
Protected Classes Under Federal Law
It is illegal to discriminate in housing based on:
- Race
- Color
- Religion
- Sex (including sexual orientation and gender identity)
- National origin
- Disability
- Familial status (having children under 18)
Many states and cities add additional protections, such as source of income (including housing vouchers), age, marital status, or veteran status.
Common Violations Renters Should Watch For
- Being told an apartment is unavailable when it is actually vacant
- Being quoted higher rent or deposits than other applicants
- Being denied because you have children
- A landlord refusing to make reasonable disability accommodations
- Different lease terms or conditions based on protected characteristics
- Harassment or intimidation by a landlord or neighbors
Disability accommodations are your right. Landlords must allow reasonable modifications (like grab bars) and reasonable accommodations (like a reserved parking space or assistance animal), even if there is a “no pets” policy.
How to File a Complaint
Step 1: Document the discrimination — save emails, texts, listing screenshots, and notes about conversations.
Step 2: File a complaint with HUD online at hud.gov, by phone at 1-800-669-9777, or by mail.
Step 3: You can also contact your state or local Fair Housing agency for faster resolution.
Step 4: HUD will investigate your complaint at no cost to you. You may also have the option of filing a lawsuit.
State and Local Fair Housing Agencies
Many states have their own fair housing enforcement agencies that work alongside HUD. These local agencies often have additional protections beyond federal law and may be able to resolve complaints more quickly. Search for your state’s fair housing agency through HUD’s website.
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